A study led by the University of Birmingham and Nonacus Ltd. involving 964 patients across seven NHS urology departments found that the GALEAS Bladder test identified 71 of 77 bladder cancers (92.2%). ^[1] The GALEAS Bladder test detected all 17 muscle-invasive bladder cancers (100%) and 35 of 36 high-grade cancers (97.2%) diagnosed during the study. ^[2] The Galeas urine test identified 92% of bladder cancer cases in an NHS trial. ^[3] For the 30% of patients with non-visible hematuria, the GALEAS Bladder test identified all bladder cancers (100%), and a negative result was associated with a 100% probability of not having bladder cancer. ^[4] Professor Richard Bryan said that incorporating the GALEAS Bladder test could result in 730 fewer urgent cystoscopies for every 1,000 patients compared with urgent cystoscopy for everyone, with no loss of net clinical benefit. ^[5] Cancer Research UK notes that early detection when symptoms appear can help find tumors at a stage where treatment opportunities are better. ^[6] Common symptoms of brain tumors include persistent headaches, seizures, nausea, vomiting, sleepiness, changes in behavior or personality, memory issues, weakness on one side of the body, and vision or speech problems. ^[7] Mayo Clinic reports that treatment options for brain tumors may include surgery, radiation therapy, radiosurgery, chemotherapy, or targeted therapy. ^[8] The National Health Service (NHS) states that brain tumor symptoms vary depending on the specific part of the brain affected. ^[9] A negative result from the Galeas urine test meant there was more than a 99% chance that the patient did not have bladder cancer. ^[10] More than 300,000 cystoscopies are performed in the UK each year, with significant waiting lists in some areas. ^[11] Prof Richard Bryan, co-author of the study from Birmingham University, stated that the test showed very promising early performance in a large real-world patient population. ^[12]