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    "headline": "Water Left in Hot Car Becomes Toxic Due to Plastic Degradation and Bacteria",
    "dek": "Leaving water in a hot car can make it unsafe due to chemical migration from plastic and bacterial growth.",
    "prose": "Water left in a car exposed to high temperatures and direct sunlight can become unsafe to drink due to chemical migration from the plastic container and bacterial growth. [^1]\n\nAshley C. Miller, M.P.H., CP-FS, senior program coordinator at the National Environmental Health Association, stated that refilling clean and undamaged single-use plastic bottles one or several times with safe drinking water is unlikely to cause significant food safety risks. [^2]\n\nA study cited by the Italian newspaper Il Post estimated that water left at 60°C for approximately 176 days, 70°C for 12 days, or 80°C for two days would exceed US safety limits for antimony levels. [^3]\n\nCooling, freezing, or boiling water that has been exposed to heat in a car does not remove migrated substances or reverse the chemical changes. [^4]\n\nMost water bottles are made of PET (polyethylene terephthalate), which releases substances into the water more rapidly when exposed to high temperatures and direct sunlight. [^5]\n\nApproximately 1.3 billion single-use plastic water bottles are used globally every day due to convenience and lack of access to clean water. [^6]\n\nAshley C. Miller noted that risks increase if the bottle is damaged, as scratches or dents near the cap make it difficult to clean and allow microorganisms to form biofilms. [^7]\n\nBrian Labus, Ph.D., an epidemiologist from the University of Nevada, warned that filling bottles with liquids other than plain water, such as milk, juice, or soda, creates a high opportunity for bacteria to multiply rapidly. [^8]",
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