UNICEF reported that approximately 2 million children using the internet across 21 countries faced sexual exploitation or production on digital platforms within a single year. ^[1] A UNICEF study conducted between 2020 and 2025 across nine countries including Kenya, Pakistan, Brazil, and Serbia found that more than one in five children aged 12 to 17 experienced at least one form of sexual abuse or exploitation online in the year prior to the study. ^[2] UNICEF released a global report titled Through Children's Eyes: How Digital Technologies Enable Child Sexual Abuse based on an evaluation of 21 countries. ^[3] According to the report, more than 15 million children were exposed to unwanted sexual content, nine million received requests to engage in sexual conversations, and four million were victims of the non-consensual dissemination of their own sexual images. ^[4] Children who experienced online sexual exploitation showed a fourfold increase in suicidal ideation and higher levels of anxiety compared to those who did not. ^[5] In nearly half of the cases, the perpetrator was someone the child knew personally, such as a friend, relative, or romantic partner. ^[6] Over 60% of the reported cases of online sexual exploitation occurred on social media platforms such as Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, Snapchat, and TikTok. ^[7] More than one in five children aged 12 to 17 across Africa, Asia, Latin America and Eastern Europe experienced at least one form of sexual abuse or exploitation on online platforms in the year before being surveyed. ^[8] Roughly 15 million children in the surveyed countries were exposed to unwanted sexual content, 9 million were pressured into sexual conversations or sharing sexual images, and 4 million had sexual images shared without their consent. ^[9] Across the countries surveyed, 57 per cent of cases involved someone the child already knew, including peers, romantic partners, friends, and family members. ^[10] The report estimates that over 15 million children were exposed to unwanted sexual content, 9 million were asked to engage in sexual conversations or share sexual images against their will, and 4 million children had sexual images of themselves shared without their consent. ^[11] In nine countries surveyed, approximately 1.1 million children reported that materials depicting them as sexual subjects were created using artificial intelligence. ^[12]