{ "story_id": "85b11e3a3f7efaf2a09bb5518b8b42b3", "desk": "drm3", "revision": 1, "published_at": "2026-09-04T11:40:01.000Z", "content_hash": "a8a8158a6801e8e6e1786852878d1de758f55915fb58695f3d3f489ef28817fa", "hash_basis": "sha256 over `headline\\ndek\\nprose`, plus `\\n` + the canonical citations JSON when any source is placed, plus `\\n#blog` for blogs", "basis": { "headline": "Planting trees near homes essential to cooling European cities during heat waves", "dek": "Experts urge planting trees close to residences to mitigate urban heat island effects in Europe.", "prose": "Heat waves in European capital cities this summer claimed the lives of tens of thousands of people due to record temperatures. [^1]\n\nThami conducted preliminary research examining how many buildings have adequate shade from trees, finding that in London, Paris, and Madrid, more than 90% of buildings did not have enough shade to prevent urban heat island effects. [^2]\n\nIn London, emergency wards filled with elderly patients who were injured after fainting in the heat, while dry weather caused subsidence and cracks in homes. [^3]\n\nTree shade has been shown to reduce the heat absorbed by pedestrians by up to 18°C by preventing solar radiation from reaching heat-absorbing materials. [^4]\n\nA meta-analysis of 20 studies found that a single bout of exercise reduces the hunger hormone ghrelin and increases fullness hormones including PYY, GLP-1 and pancreatic polypeptide. [^5]\n\nA more recent systematic review and meta-analysis found that exercise suppresses appetite initially, but this effect wears off 30-90 minutes later. [^6]\n\nA systematic review of exercise training in adults who were above a healthy weight or had obesity found a small increase in hunger levels while fasting, but no clear or consistent increases in post-meal or daily hunger, and exercise did not substantially increase average energy intake. [^7]\n\nResearch suggests that regular exercise can reduce the desire for high-energy foods and help reduce overeating. 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