In some regions, the difference between the GPS-calculated position and the actual location was found to exceed 10 meters. ^[1] The Aerospace Corporation led a study that determined a powerful solar storm in November 2025 caused widespread changes in the Earth's upper atmosphere. ^[2] A study led by Endawoke Yizengaw of The Aerospace Corporation, published in Geophysical Research Letters on 29 August 2026, documented the November 2025 storm's effects on satellite navigation, combining auroral imagery with ground-based GNSS receiver data from the United States and Canada. ^[3] The November 2025 geomagnetic storm, classified as G4 (severe) by NOAA's Space Weather Prediction Center, caused horizontal GPS position errors exceeding 10 meters in parts of the continental United States, with strong signal scintillation observed across a broad mid-latitude band. ^[4] Charged particles from the Sun reached the Earth's magnetic field, creating irregularities in the ionosphere not previously observed at this scale. ^[5] Scientists stated that even a few-meter error in GPS can have significant consequences for technologies requiring precise positioning. ^[6] NOAA's Space Weather Prediction Center classified the November 2025 geomagnetic storm as G4 (severe) on its five-level scale; the research team used the term 'superstorm' in their paper, which is not a separate NOAA category. ^[7] Researchers warn that had the November 2025 storm struck during spring planting, it could have caused hundreds of millions of dollars in agricultural losses, based on the comparison to the May 2024 event. ^[8]